The Chronicle of October 28, 1940
In the early hours of October 28, 1940, the Italian government, through its ambassador in Athens, Emanuele Grazzi, issued an ultimatum to Greece. Delivered personally to Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas at his home in Kifissia, the ultimatum demanded free passage for Italian troops through the Greek-Albanian border. The purpose was to occupy strategic points within Greece, such as ports and airports, under the pretext of facilitating Italy’s military operations in Africa.
After reading the document, Metaxas looked directly at the Italian ambassador and famously replied in French, the language of diplomacy: “Alors, c’est la guerre” (“Then it is war”), firmly rejecting the demands.
This historic refusal led to the Greco-Italian War, with Italian forces launching a surprise invasion in Epirus shortly thereafter. Greece, on the defensive, officially entered World War II. The ensuing conflict, known as the Epic of Saranda, saw the Greek army achieving significant victories over the Italians. This momentous resistance is commemorated annually on October 28, the day the ultimatum was delivered and Metaxas refused to yield.
A Unique Celebration
Unlike most nations, which commemorate the end of major conflicts like World War II, Greece uniquely celebrates the beginning of its involvement. October 28 marks the start of the Greco-Italian War rather than the conclusion of World War II.
This anomaly is tied to Greece’s historical circumstances. After the war ended in 1945, Greece descended into a devastating civil war, preventing unified national celebrations of victory. Historians also note that Greece had already been liberated from Nazi occupation in October 1944, meaning May 9, 1945—Victory in Europe Day—held less significance for the country.
Thus, October 28 remains a symbol of Greece’s initial defiance and the extraordinary courage shown by its people during the early days of the war.
Commemorating OXI Day at Our School
At our school, as in all Greek schools, October 28 is a public holiday. To honor this day, we celebrated a few days earlier with a special gathering.
In the school courtyard, our principal shared the story and significance of this historic event with students. The Greek flag proudly flew on our balcony, and we listened to songs inspired by the era, connecting us to the courage and spirit of those times. Together, we sang, danced, and enjoyed traditional treats, celebrating this national anniversary with joy and pride alongside our wonderful students.
